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Grey Cast Iron Composition and Property

 

Grey Cast Iron (Gray iron) is so called because of the color of the fracture face. It contains 1.5-4.3% carbon and 0.3-5% silicon plus manganese, sulphur and phosphorus. It is brittle with low tensile strength, but is easy to cast.

The all data in this document is referred to Chinese standard of GB/T 9439-1988.

Single Casting Specimen Tensile Strength Property

Gray iron grade

Single specimen
Tensile Strength
σb≥/Mpa

Gray iron castings

Wall thickness/mm

Tensile strength
σb≥/Mpa

HT100

100

>2.5~10
>10~20
>20~30
>30~40

130
100
90
80

HT150

150

>2.5~10
>10~20
>20~30
>30~40

175
145
130
120

HT200

200

>2.5~10
>10~20
>20~30
>30~40

220
195
170
160

HT250

250

>4.0~10
>10~20
>20~30
>30~50

270
240
220
200

HT300

300

>10~20
>20~30
>30~50

290
250
230

HT350

350

>10~20
>20~30
>30~50

340
290
260

 

Castings Attached Specimen Tensile Strength Property

Gray iron grad

Wall thickness
/mm

Tensile strength σb≥/Mpa

Tensile strength (reference)
σb≥/Mpa

Attached test coupon

Attached test block

φ30mm

φ50mm

R15mm

R25mm

HT150

>20~40
>40~80
>80~150
>150~300

130
115
-
-

-
(115)
105
100

120
110
-
-

-
-
100
90

120
105
90
80

HT200

>20~40
>40~80
>80~150
>150~300

180
160
-
-

-
(155)
145
135

170
150
-
-

-
-
140
130

165
145
130
120

HT250

>20~40
>40~80
>80~150
>150~300

220
200
-
-

-
(190)
180
165

(210)
190
-
-

-
-
170
160

205
180
165
150

HT300

>20~40
>40~80
>80~150
>150~300

260
235
-
-

-
(230)
210
195

(250)
225
-
-

-
-
200
185

245
215
195
180

HT350

>20~40
>40~80
>80~150
>150~300

300
270
-
-

-
(265)
240
215

(290)
260
-
-

-
-
230
210

285
255
225
205

 

Grey Iron Castings’ other mechanical property

Grade

Compressive
Strength
σbc/MPa

Shearing Strength
τb/Mpa

Impact Testing
αKV/(J/cm2)

Safe Range of
stress
σ-1/MPa

Modulus of Elasticity
Ε/GPa

HT150

500~700

150~250

-

60~90

70~90

HT200

600~800

200~300

2~5

80~90

80~110

HT250

800~1000

250~350

4~8

100~140

100~130

HT300

1000~1200

300~450

7~10

120~160

120~140

HT350

1100~1300

350~500

9~11

140~180

130~160

 

Grey Iron Castings Hardness

Grey iron grade

Hardness grade

Hardness Range
HBS

Metallography

HT100

H145

≤170

Ferrite

HT150

H175

150~200

Ferrite + Pearlite

HT200

H195

170~220

Pearlite

HT250

H215

190~240

Pearlite

HT300

H235

210~260

Pearlite(Inoculated Cast
Iron)

HT350

H255

230~280

Pearlite(Inoculated Cast
Iron)

 

Gray Iron Casting heat treatment

Casting Unit
Weight
kg

Starting
Temperature
/οC

Heating
Speed
/(οC/h)

Preservation temperature

Heat Preservation
Time
/h

Cooling
Speed
/(οC/h)

Final Temperature
/οC

Cast iron

Low alloy cast iron

Simple castings

<200

200

≤100

500~550

550~570

4~6

30

200

200~2500

≤200

≤80

500~550

550~570

6~8

30

200

>2500

≤200

≤60

500~550

550~570

8

30

200

Precision Castings

<200

≤200

≤100

500~550

550~570

4~6

20

200

200~2500

≤200

≤80

500~550

550~570

6~8

20

200

 

Gray Iron Casting, no any standard mentioned the chemistry composition, so we only suggest the following chemistry based on actual production.

Grade

Wall Thickness
/mm

C

Si

Mn

P ≤

S ≤

HT100

-

3.4~3.9

2.1~2.6

0.5~0.8

0.3

0.15

HT150

<30
30~50
>50

3.3~3.5
3.2~3.5
3.2~3.5

2.0~2.4
1.9~2.3
1.8~2.2

0.5~0.8
0.5~0.8
0.6~0.9

0.2
0.2
0.2

0.12
0.12
0.12

HT200

<30
30~50
>50

3.2~3.5
3.1~3.4
3.0~3.3

1.6~2.0
1.5~1.8
1.4~1.6

1.7~0.9
0.8~1.0
0.8~1.0

0.15
0.15
0.15

0.12
0.12
0.12

HT250

<30
30~50
>50

3.0~3.3
2.9~3.2
2.8~3.1

1.4~1.7
1.3~1.6
1.2~1.5

0.8~1.0
0.9~1.1
1.0~1.2

0.15
0.15
0.15

0.12
0.12
0.12

HT300

<30
30~50
>50

2.9~3.2
2.9~3.2
2.8~3.1

1.4~1.7
1.2~1.5
1.1~1.4

0.8~1.0
0.9~1.1
1.0~1.2

0.15
0.15
0.15

0.10
0.10
0.10

 

Grey Cast Iron Compare

Index

County

Grey iron grade

1

China

-

HT350

HT300

HT250

HT200

HT150

HT100

2

Japanese

-

FC350

FC300

FC250

FC200

FC150

FC100

3

USA

NO.60

NO.50

NO.45

NO.35/NO.40

NO.30

NO.25

NO.20

4

Russia

CЧ40

CЧ35

CЧ30

CЧ34/ CЧ25

CЧ18/ CЧ20/ CЧ21

CЧ15

CЧ10

5

Germany

GG40

GG35

GG30

GG25

GG20

GG15

GG10

6

Italy

-

G35

G30

G25

G20

G15

G10

7

France

HGL400

FGL350

FGL300

FGL250

FGL200

FGL150

-

8

England

400

350

300

260

180/220

150

100

9

Poland

Z140

Z135

Z130

Z125

Z120

Z115

-

10

India

FG400

FG350

FG300

FG260

FG200

FG150

-

11

Romania

FC400

FC350

FC300

FC250

FC200

FC150

-

12

Spanish

-

FG35

FG30

FG25

FG20

FG15

-

13

Belgium

FGG40

FGG35

FGG30

FGG25

FGG20

FGG15

FGG10

14

Australia

T400

T350

T300

T260

T220

T150

-

15

Sweden

O140

O135

O130

O125

O120

O115

O110

16

Hungary

OV40

OV35

OV30

OV25

OV20

OV15

-

17

Bulgaria

-

Vch35

Vch30

Vch25

Vch20

Vch15

-

18

ISO

-

350

300

250

200

150

100

19

COPANT

FG400

FG350

FG300

FG250

FG200

FG150

FG100

20

Taiwan
(China)

-

-

FC300

FC250

FC200

FC150

FC100

21

Holland

-

GG35

GG30

GG25

GG20

GG15

-

22

Luxemburg

FGG40

FGG35

FGG30

FGG25

FGG20

FGG15

-

23

Austria

-

GG35

GG30

GG25

GG20

GG15

 

24

Europa-Norm

 

EN-GJL-350

EN-GJL-300

EN-GJL-250

EN-GJL-200

EN-GJL-150

 

 

 

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