White cast irons are widely used in abrasive wear applications
involved in the crushing, grinding, milling and handling of
abrasive materials such as minerals and ores, both dry and as
slurries.
Three types of irons are commonly used:
White Iron is unalloyed cast iron with low carbon and
silicon content such that the structure is hard brittle iron
carbide with no free graphite. These irons are limited in
application because of the lack of impact resistance and the
difficulty in maintaining the structure in thicker sections. In
some cases the castings are designed and produced to have a
white structure in certain areas and a grey or flake structure
elsewhere to improve toughness.
Martensitic white cast irons containing nickel and
chromium are commonly known as Ni-Hards. There are two general
types containing 4% Ni-2% Cr, and 8% Cr-6% Ni. Both have a
structure of iron and chromium carbides in a matrix of
martensite and bainite, but the higher alloy content materials
have a type of carbide which is discontinuous and confers
greater impact and corrosion resistance.
These irons can be used as cast, but heat treatment improves the
hardness and resistance to surface cracking and spalling.
High Chromium cast irons have typical compositions of
15%Cr-3%Mo and 23-28%Cr and a superior combination of abrasion
resistance and toughness. In some cases they may be used as
cast, but are normally air hardened to develop the optimum
properties.
Some of these irons may also be machined after annealing and
then hardened to produce a machined abrasion resistant part.
Abrasion Resistant Cast Iron – BS EN 12513:2000
Material Designation |
|
Vickers
Hardness
HV (Min) |
Chemical Composition (%) |
Symbol |
Number |
C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
Ni |
Cr |
Mo |
Cu |
EN-GJN-HV350 |
EN-JN2019 |
350 |
2.4-3.9 |
0.4-1.5 |
0.2-1.0 |
- |
- |
- |
Max 2.0 |
- |
- |
EN-GJN-HV520 |
EN-JN2029 |
520 |
2.5-3.0 |
Max 0.8 |
Max 0.8 |
Max 0.10 |
Max 0.10 |
3.0-5.5 |
1.5-3.0 |
- |
- |
EN-GJN-HV550 |
EN-JN2039 |
550 |
3.0-3.5 |
Max 0.8 |
Max 0.8 |
Max 0.10 |
Max 0.10 |
3.0-5.5 |
1.5-3.0 |
- |
- |
EN-GJN-HV600 |
EN-JN2049 |
600 |
2.5-3.5 |
1.5-2.5 |
0.3-0.8 |
Max 0.08 |
Max 0.08 |
4.5-6.5 |
8.0-10.0 |
- |
- |
EN-GJN-HV600(XCr11) |
EN-JN3019 |
600 |
1.8-2.4
2.4-3.2
3.2-3.6 |
Max 1.0 |
0.5-1.5 |
Max 0.08 |
Max 0.08 |
Max 2.0 |
11.0-14.0 |
Max 3.0 |
Max 1.2 |
EN-GJN-HV600(XCr14) |
EN-JN3029 |
600 |
1.8-2.4
2.4-3.2
3.2-3.6 |
Max 1.0 |
0.5-1.5 |
Max 0.08 |
Max 0.08 |
Max 2.0 |
14.0-18.0 |
Max 3.0 |
Max 1.2 |
EN-GJN-HV600(XCr18) |
EN-JN3039 |
600 |
1.8-2.4
2.4-3.2
3.2-3.6 |
Max 1.0 |
0.5-1.5 |
Max 0.08 |
Max 0.08 |
Max 2.0 |
18.0-23.0 |
Max 3.0 |
Max 1.2 |
EN-GJN-HV600(XCr23) |
EN-JN3049 |
600 |
1.8-2.4
2.4-3.2
3.2-3.6 |
Max 1.0 |
0.5-1.5 |
Max 0.08 |
Max 0.08 |
Max 2.0 |
23.0-28.0 |
Max 3.0 |
Max 1.2 |
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